Guide · Kubernetes

OpenShift vs Kubernetes: when each platform makes sense

OpenShift is not a competitor to Kubernetes: OpenShift is Kubernetes. It is Red Hat's enterprise distribution, with security, tooling and support integrated on top of the same orchestration engine used by EKS, GKE, AKS or a cluster you install yourself. That is why the real question is not which is better, but which fits your starting point, your budget and your risk tolerance.

Still evaluating whether Kubernetes is right for your business? Start with Kubernetes for enterprises. If you have already made the decision and are worried about budget, jump to how much it costs to implement Kubernetes.

Let's clear up the misunderstanding: they are all Kubernetes

Kubernetes is an open source project of the Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF). It is the de facto standard for orchestrating containers: it decides where each application runs, restarts it if it fails, scales it when demand rises and replaces it without downtime when you ship a new version.

What changes between "flavors" is not the engine, but what comes on top and who answers when something breaks at 3 in the morning:

  • "Vanilla" Kubernetes gives you the pure engine. You decide on and integrate everything else: networking, security, monitoring, CI/CD, user management.
  • A managed cloud (EKS, GKE, AKS) operates the control plane for you, but the rest of the ecosystem remains your responsibility.
  • OpenShift is a complete "batteries included" platform with enterprise support —whether self-managed or as a managed service in the cloud (ROSA, ARO).
  • VMware Tanzu / VKS brings Kubernetes to an existing VMware world.

The right choice depends on where you stand today.

The four flavors of Kubernetes All options share the same Kubernetes engine; what changes is how much comes included on top: with vanilla Kubernetes you integrate everything yourself, a managed cloud operates only the control plane, OpenShift brings the full stack with support, and VMware Tanzu runs on your VMware infrastructure. Vanilla you assemble it You add it yourself Kubernetes Managed cloud EKS · GKE · AKS The rest: yours Control plane OpenShift batteries included 24/7 support Console · Registry CI/CD · GitOps Security VMware Tanzu / VKS if you already use VMware VMware layer Managed plane Same Kubernetes engine · CNCF standard
All options run on the same Kubernetes engine; what changes is how much comes included. With vanilla you integrate everything (networking, security, CI/CD, monitoring); managed clouds operate only the control plane; OpenShift brings the full stack with 24/7 support.

Path 1 — Managed Kubernetes in the cloud (EKS, GKE, AKS)

Amazon EKS, Google GKE and Azure AKS give you managed Kubernetes: the provider maintains the control plane and you focus on your applications. It is the natural option if your company already lives in a cloud and has (or can outsource) the platform engineering muscle.

It fits when:

  • You are already committed to AWS, Google Cloud or Azure and want to leverage its ecosystem.
  • Your team has cloud-native maturity or you have a partner to operate the platform.
  • You prefer to pay by consumption and grow elastically without platform licenses.

The hidden cost: "managed" refers to the control plane, not everything else. Security, policies, observability, pipelines and governance remain yours. Without a solid platform team, that work piles up as technical debt.

Path 2 — Red Hat OpenShift

OpenShift takes Kubernetes and adds what a regulated enterprise needs from day one: hardened security by default, a web console, integrated CI/CD (pipelines and GitOps), an image registry, identity management and 24/7 enterprise support from Red Hat. It also runs the same on-premise, in your data center or in any cloud, which reduces lock-in to a specific cloud provider.

OpenShift is not only on-premise: it is also consumed as a managed service in the cloud. You have two ways to operate it. You can self-manage it —install and maintain it yourself in your data center or on the cloud you prefer— or consume it as a managed service jointly administered by Red Hat and the cloud provider: ROSA (Red Hat OpenShift Service on AWS), ARO (Azure Red Hat OpenShift) or OpenShift Dedicated. In that mode you get OpenShift's enterprise layer —security, support and integrated tooling— with the operational convenience of a managed service, without having to operate the control plane yourself. It is, in fact, the most common entry point to OpenShift for companies that already live in AWS or Azure and don't want to build the platform from scratch.

It fits when:

  • You operate in a regulated sector —banking, government, healthcare, insurance— where security, traceability and support with an SLA are non-negotiable.
  • You have on-premise workloads or a hybrid model, and need the same platform everywhere.
  • You prefer an integrated, supported product over assembling and maintaining dozens of open source components yourself.
  • You want a multi-cloud strategy without rewriting your platform for each provider.

The hidden cost: OpenShift licenses have a price. The right question is not "how much does the license cost?", but "how much would it cost me to build and maintain all of that myself, including the team to operate it?". For many regulated organizations, OpenShift comes out cheaper than "vanilla" once you add the people. We develop this in the cost guide.

Path 3 — VMware Tanzu / VKS

VMware offers Kubernetes through Tanzu and VKS (vSphere Kubernetes Service). It is a powerful path, but with an important condition: it mainly makes sense if your company already has VMware vSphere Foundation (VVF) or VMware Cloud Foundation (VCF). In that case, you leverage the investment, the licenses and the VMware team you already have, and run containers alongside your virtual machines with a single management plane.

It fits when:

  • You already run your infrastructure on VMware (VVF/VCF) and want to extend it to containers without introducing another management stack.
  • Your operations team already masters vSphere and you want to capitalize on that knowledge.

The key nuance: VKS is not a good starting point from scratch. If you don't come from a VMware world, setting up VVF/VCF just to run Kubernetes is rarely the most efficient option. It is a path of leverage, not of initial adoption. Everything above makes sense when your team and your operations already know how VVF/VCF works: you take control of a familiar infrastructure, with networks and policies already defined and a license cost you are already paying anyway. Adding Kubernetes on top of that base leverages the operational knowledge your team already has, instead of forcing you to build a new capability from scratch. Seen this way, the question is not "VKS or a cloud?", but "how much of my VMware investment do I want to capitalize on before looking elsewhere?".

What no provider manages for you: your applications

Shared responsibility model in managed Kubernetes The provider manages the platform —control plane, nodes, infrastructure and its availability. Operating your applications —requests and limits, deployment, observability and workload security— remains your responsibility or your partner's. THE PROVIDER MANAGES the platform Control plane Nodes and compute Infrastructure Platform availability YOU / YOUR PARTNER your workloads requests and limits Deployment · CI/CD · GitOps Observability of your apps Workload security Shared responsibility
Whether you choose EKS, ROSA, ARO or VKS, the provider maintains the Kubernetes; operating your applications on top remains yours. That is the cost no managed service takes away —and where an operations partner comes in.

Here is the most expensive misunderstanding of all. It doesn't matter whether you choose EKS, GKE or AKS, a managed OpenShift like ROSA or ARO, or VKS on VMware: what the provider operates is the platform, not your workloads. They hand you a healthy Kubernetes —available control plane, updated nodes, infrastructure kept current— and there their responsibility ends. What runs on top remains one hundred percent yours:

  • Defining requests and limits of CPU and memory for each application. Without this, you either over-size the cluster and overpay, or your apps compete for resources and go down under load.
  • The deployment: manifests, Helm, GitOps, release strategies (canary, blue-green) and the CI/CD pipeline that takes your code to the cluster.
  • The observability of your applications: metrics, logs, traces and alerts that warn you before the user notices the problem. The provider monitors its platform, not your business.
  • Network policies, workload security, secrets management and autoscaling tuned to your real traffic.

It is the shared responsibility model: the provider maintains the Kubernetes; you make your applications run well, scale and not go down. A managed but poorly operated cluster is as fragile as a self-managed one —only with a monthly bill attached.

This is where our expertise comes in. At Andes Digital we operate the workloads, not just the platform: we tune requests and limits, build the deployment and observability, and respond to incidents — on ROSA, ARO, VKS, EKS, GKE, AKS or whichever flavor you choose. As the only KCSP in South America, we operate what we implement. Learn about our managed Kubernetes services and how we combine them with observability and CI/CD.

Decision table

Criterion Managed cloud (EKS/GKE/AKS) Red Hat OpenShift VMware Tanzu / VKS
Best starting pointYou are already in a public cloudRegulated, on-prem or hybridYou already have VVF/VCF
Enterprise supportFrom the cloud provider24/7 from Red Hat with SLAFrom VMware/Broadcom
Lock-inMedium-high (with the cloud)Low (runs anywhere)With the VMware ecosystem
Platform license costIncluded in consumptionSubscription licenseVMware license
Team maturity requiredHigh (or partner)Medium (comes integrated)Medium (if you already know VMware)
True multi-cloudLimitedYesPartial

The question that really matters: where do you stand today?

Instead of starting with the technology, start with your reality:

  1. Are you already in a public cloud? EKS/GKE/AKS is probably your shortest path.
  2. Do you operate in a regulated sector or have on-premise workloads? OpenShift gives you security, support and portability from the start.
  3. Do you already have VMware VVF/VCF? Evaluate Tanzu/VKS before bringing in another stack.
  4. Are you starting from scratch? VKS is almost never the right fit; the real decision is between a managed cloud and OpenShift, and it comes down to support, regulation and how much platform you want to operate yourself.
Which platform to choose based on your starting point If you already live in a public cloud, a managed cloud (EKS, GKE or AKS) is the shortest path; if you operate in a regulated sector or on-premise, OpenShift; if you already have VMware, Tanzu or VKS; and if you start from scratch, the real decision is between a managed cloud and OpenShift. What is your starting point today? You already live in a public cloud Managed cloud · EKS/GKE/AKS Regulated sector or on-premise Red Hat OpenShift You already have VMware (VVF/VCF) VMware Tanzu / VKS Starting from scratch Managed cloud or OpenShift
Don't start with the technology, start with your reality: the starting point defines the shortest path. In most from-scratch cases, the real decision comes down to managed cloud vs. OpenShift.

Why ask us for an unbiased second opinion

Most advisors sell a single platform, so their recommendation is already written. Andes Digital is a partner of Red Hat, VMware, AWS and Google Cloud at the same time, and the only Kubernetes Certified Service Provider (KCSP) in South America certified by the CNCF. That means we gain nothing by pushing you toward a specific license: we win when you choose well and the platform sustains your business for years.

We have supported real migrations at public institutions and highly critical companies —you can see the case of IPS on Tanzu Kubernetes in Azure— and we operate what we implement. Learn about our Red Hat OpenShift, VMware Tanzu/VKS and cloud-native Kubernetes services.

Frequently asked questions

Is OpenShift the same as Kubernetes?

Yes, at its core. OpenShift uses Kubernetes as its orchestration engine and adds hardened security, a console, CI/CD, an image registry and enterprise support from Red Hat. Any workload that runs on Kubernetes runs on OpenShift; the difference is in what comes integrated and who supports you.

Do I need OpenShift or is EKS, GKE or AKS enough?

It depends on your context. If you are already in a public cloud and have a platform team (in-house or outsourced), a managed cloud may be enough. If you operate in a regulated sector, have on-premise workloads or prefer an integrated, supported product, OpenShift usually justifies its cost. And if you have workloads both on-premise and in the cloud, having the same platform in both worlds —even as a managed service with ROSA on AWS or ARO on Azure— gives you a homogeneous operation without rewriting anything when you move between environments.

When is VMware Tanzu or VKS the right fit?

Mainly when you already have VMware vSphere Foundation (VVF) or VMware Cloud Foundation (VCF). In that case you leverage your investment and your VMware team. Starting from scratch, it is rarely the most efficient option.

Does the provider's managed service also operate my applications?

No. Services like ROSA, ARO, EKS, GKE, AKS or VKS manage the Kubernetes platform —control plane, nodes, infrastructure— but not your workloads. Defining requests and limits, deploying your applications and setting up their observability remains your responsibility (or your managed-services partner's). It is the shared responsibility model.

Can I change platforms later without getting locked in?

Since they are all Kubernetes, your containerized applications are largely portable. The real lock-in is in the proprietary services around them (networking, storage, identity, CI/CD). OpenShift minimizes cloud lock-in because it runs the same everywhere; a managed cloud ties you more to its ecosystem. Designing with portability in mind from the start greatly reduces that risk.

Which is cheaper?

There is no single answer: cost depends on the path and your starting point. An OpenShift license can come out cheaper than vanilla once you add the team needed to operate everything yourself. We break it down in our guide to the cost of Kubernetes.

Want an unbiased recommendation for your case?

We are partners of Red Hat, VMware, AWS and Google Cloud, and the only KCSP in South America. We help you choose the platform that sustains your business, not the one we'd profit from selling.